Elbeidge wheeler



(No Model.)

E. WHEELER.

COMPOUND INGOT. No. 359,337. Patented Mar. 15, 1887.

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5. e iw W M WW W p54/ UNITED STATES Prrrnrvr Ormea.

ELBRIDGE VHEELER, OF BOSTON, MASS., ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF, VARE B. GAY, AND GEORGE XV. GOGIN, TRUSTEES, ALL OF SAME PLACE.

COMPOUND INGOT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 359,337, dated March l5, 1887.

Application filed May 6, 1886. Serial No. 20h15-2l. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that 1, ELBRIDGE WHEELER, of Boston, county of Suffolk, and State of Massachusettahave invented an Improvement in Compound Ingots, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like letters on the drawings representing like parts. Y

In another application, Serial No. 126,656,

to filed by me April 4, 1884, I have shown a railroadrail composed of a soft-metal center and a hard exterior, said rail being produced by reducing an ingot cast in a compound mold, shown and described in application Serial No. 126,669, filed April 4, 1881.

My present invention has Vfor its object to produce an ingot composed of two or more malleable metals or grades of metal, the said ingot being formed without a union between 2O the said metals. y

In the practice of my invention the metal which is to constitute the center of the ingot may be a small cast ingot, a bundle of muckiron, billets or bars of wrought iron or steel,

Scrap-iron, or it may be iine steel or iron scrap contained in ametal case. The metal referred to, and which is to constitute the center of the ingot, will in practice be placed cold in the mold, which may be of any ordinary construction; and in order that the metal constituting the surface of the ingot may be free from blowholes l may apply to the said center metal a wash or coating of pluxnbago, clay, or other suitable substance to prevent the oxide of the said center metal from coming in contact with the molten metal cast around it.

If the cast ingot, steel or iron bars or billets, scrap iron or steel placed in the center of the mold to constitute the center of the ingot is low in carbon, and the metal cast around it in the mold to vform the outside covering or envelope i'or the ingot is high in carbon, then such an ingot will be especially applicable for the production of railroad-rails wherein the tread is very hard, due to high carbon, the center being soft, because of less carbon, and the center and envelope will not be fused together, or, I might say, there is a non-union of the said center with the outside metal. lf

5o these conditions should be reversed and the cast-metal covering or envelope be low in carbon,the ingot so produced would be applicable for the production, among other articles, of bridge and other bolts and stays and similar articles having a hard or high-carbon center and an envelope or covering of low-carbon metal.

Figure 1 is an isometricview of a mold containing a metal center, shown as provided with a wash or application in accordance with 6o my invention. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of an ingot produced in the mold shown in Fig. v1; Fig. 3, a top or plan view of a mold provided with a modied form of center, Fig.

4, a vertical section of Fig. 3 in the line a: 65

Fig. 5, a vertical section of a mold and modied center; Fig. 6, a view in cross-section of an ingot produced in the mold shown in Fig.

5; Fig. 7, asectional view of a rail made from the ingot shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 8, a longi- 7o tudinal section of a bar having a hard center and a soft outside, and from which to produceh WY bridge-bolts, dfn., Fig. 9, a section of Fig. 8

on line x fc'.

The mold A, by which to practice my inven 75 tion, is and may be of any ordinary construction, such as found in steel-plants. NVithin i the mold A, and preferably located in the center of the same, is placed iron or steel to form the center of the in got, said metal being shown 8o in Fig. 1 as a small cast ingot, a, of malleable metal-such as iron or steel-which in practice will be placed in the mold in a comparatively cold state.

ln order that the metal cast around the small ingot c may be free fromblow-holes, the said small ingot will preferably have applied to it a wash or coating of plumbago, clay, or other suitable substance to prevent the oxide on the surface of the said small ingot from 9o coming in contact with the said cast metal.- The wash or coating of plumbago, clay, or other suitable material is shown in Fig. 1 by dark lines, and "in Fig. 2 by the heavy dark line a between the center c and the enveloping metal b.

The wash or coating of plumbago, ric., prevents the association of the two metals constituting the ingotw-that is, the molten metal, which in this instance is steel and which is 10o east into the mold and surrounds the metal a, is prevented from effecting a fusion with the said center metal.

Referring to Fig. 3, I have shown the center metal as composed of a bundle of fagots or bars, b', of wrought iron or steel. Each bar or fagot b', as shown, has applied to :it the' wash or coating of plumbago, clay, or other suitable substance, and the said bundle will be bound together in usual manner by one or more binders, b2, said wash preventing aunion between the said bundle of fagots and the malleable cast metal, and also between the fagots themselves.

Referring to Fig. 5, I have shown the metal to form the center of the ingotastine scrap,7 c, either iron or steel, contained in a case, c, the said case preferably having the wash, application, or coating of plumbago, &c., applied to it.

In Fig. 6 the Wash, application, or coating is clearly shown by the heavy dark line a.

The ingot produced in accordance with my invention may in practice be reduced by rolling, hammering, or by compression, or in other manner, and when reduced the said ingot is especially applicable, among other things, for the production of a rail, said rail consisting, preferably, of a soft center with a high-carbon steel4 covering or envelope, said steel covering or envelope being, if desired,

separated from the soft center by the wash or.

coating of plumbago, clay, or other suitable substance, to prevent a union between the said soft center and steel covering.

In Fig. 7 I have shown in section arail composed of two different grades or kinds of metal, Ithe outside or covering f being preferably a high carbon,while the center metal, j', is preferably a low carbon, said metal being shown as separated by the wash, application, or coating a', the said rail being formed by reducing the ingot shown in Fig. 2.

A rail sch as shown in Fig. 7 may be subjected to sufficient strain to break the outside envelope of steel of high carbon,and the crack in the envelope may extend entirely around the envelope without extending into or fracturing the soft or low-carbon center of wroughtiron or low-grade steel, and hence such a rail has superior properties as regards safety.

The small ingot shown in Fig. l and the bars b (shown in Figs. 3 and 4) have been described above as low in carbon and the metal cast around them as high in carbon.

In some instances it will be desirable that the small ingot and bars referred to should be highin carbon and the cast met-al enveloping them should be low in carbon.

Referring to Fig. 8, I have shown in longitudinal section a bar produced from an ingot such as just described, the center metal, e, of steel being high in carbon, while the outside covering, e', of wroughtiron or steel, is low in carbon, there being no union formed between the metals.

The bar shown in Fig. 8 is especially appli- `some instances,wherein it may-be desired that the ingot iu one part should be composed largely of one kind of metal-such, for instance, as the cast metal-the said inner metal will be set to one side of the center of the mold.

I claim- As an improved article of manufacture, a metal ingot composed of an inner malleable metal of one grade of carbon and an enveloping malleable metal of the same or a different grade of carbon, the said enveloping metal being disassociated from the inner metal, substantially as described.

In testimony whereofI have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

ELBRIDGE WHEELER.

Witnesses:

G. W. GREGORY, J. H. CHURCHILL. 

